Early and late stages of Developmental Biology in Argentina

Selection of suitable reference genes for real-time PCR studies of early developmental stages of sturgeons

In quantitative real-time PCR, the mRNA level can be quantified in relative terms based on the expression ratio of mRNAs of the target gene and an internal reference gene. Since, an internal standard should be expressed at a constant level among different tissues of an organism at all stages of development, and should be unaffected by the experimental treatment, the stability of different refer...

Late Antiquity and Early Islam

In this paper, an investigation on the relation between state-building and Near Eastern religion is attempted. Analyzing the city-state of Ḥaṭrā (Iraq, close to Kirkuk), it is demonstrated that pre-Islamic state craft in the region was dependent on the initiative of the Parthian monarchy in Iran. The kings of the Arsacid dynasty attempted to bestow the local Arabic tribes in the Jazira with a c...

Biology and Theory of Early Stages of Vision in Mammals

Functioning in early and late stages of schizophrenia.

INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is frequently associated with a debilitating course and prominent impairment in social and occupational functioning. Although the criteria for classification into stages have not been defined in the literature, illness duration and functioning seem to be good candidates. OBJECTIVE To compare functioning of patients with schizophrenia at different stages of the disea...

Stress potentiates early and attenuates late stages of visual processing.

Stress can fundamentally alter neural responses to incoming information. Recent research suggests that stress and anxiety shift the balance of attention away from a task-directed mode, governed by prefrontal cortex, to a sensory-vigilance mode, governed by the amygdala and other threat-sensitive regions. A key untested prediction of this framework is that stress exerts dissociable effects on di...